This ancient psychoactive ruled the Southeast US. paleoforaging.com/ilex-vomitoria I show how I identify yaupon holly, gather its leaves, process, and cook it to make a beverage similar to yerba mate. I also describe its historical use and importance among American Indians. Note: the Indigenous peoples mentioned are still living cultures and when I use past tense it is to describe practices in a historical context. REFERENCES - Augenbraum, Harold (ed.) and Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez. 2013. Narr