During muscular exercise, blood vessels in muscles dilate, and blood flow increases the available oxygen supply. Up to a point, the available oxygen is sufficient to meet the body's energy needs.

The start of the approach run should be marked and the athlete should commence the start from a standing start. Some athletes use a 'walk on start' or 'run on start' that will provide more initial ...

Testing and measurement are the means of collecting information upon which subsequent performance evaluations and decisions are made. In the analysis, we need to consider the factors influencing the ...

Testing and measurement are the means of collecting information upon which subsequent performance evaluations and decisions are made. In the analysis, we need to consider the factors influencing the ...

Nigel Hetherington reviews the latest research material relating to coaching, exercise physiology, and athletic development. When your athlete tests positive for a banned substance and you know the ...

Nigel Hetherington reviews the latest research material relating to coaching, exercise physiology, and athletic development. 'The act, quality, or power of withstanding hardship or stress' Though ...

Nigel Hetherington reviews the latest research material relating to coaching, exercise physiology, and athletic development. Whether professional, semi-professional, or funded in some other way via ...

Calculations are based on Dick (1987) [1] table of controls for 100/200m/400m athletes. The 100m and 200m are electronic timings. The other times are hand timings. To get a predicted electronic time, ...

This test aims to monitor the development of the athlete's cardiovascular system. This test requires the athlete to step up and down off a 45cm high gym bench for 5 minutes at a rate of 30 ...

A litre of sweat typically contains 0.02g Calcium, a total of 0.05g Magnesium, 1.15g Sodium, a 0.23g potassium, and a 1.48g Chloride. This composition will vary from person to person (Hamilton 2005) ...