and subclavian venous catheters), tunneled central venous catheters, atrial catheters, umbilical arterial catheters, and umbilical venous catheters. We excluded subjects with diabetes mellitus and ...

Umbilical venous catheters (UVCs) are frequently used in preterm or ill neonates to administer parenteral nutrition and medications. However, their use can lead to complications such as infections, ...