Post implantation, de novo methylation begins (red circles), mediated primarily by DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase-3alpha (DNMT3A) and -3beta (DNMT3B) (top). When methylation affects CpG ...
Cytosine methylation of CpG dinucleotide clusters at the carbon 5 position found in close proximity to critically important cis-elements within the promoter can silence a gene. De novo and ...
The latter is called an epigenetic alteration. While cytosine methylation is a healthy process, methylation of promoter CpG islands has also been shown to be a critical hallmark in many cancer cells.
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