Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. International researchers have figured out the makeup of a "phantom chemical" found in some drinking water, over ...

Not peer-reviewed: This work has not been scrutinised by independent experts, or the story does not contain research data to review (for example an opinion piece). If you are reporting on research ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Observational study: A study in which the subject is observed to see if there is a relationship between two or ...

Vaping among adult ex-smokers in England has substantially increased over the past decade, according to a survey of over 54,000 adults which found a particularly pronounced increase in vaping ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Observational study: A study in which the subject is observed to see if there is a relationship between two or ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Observational study: A study in which the subject is observed to see if there is a relationship between two or ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Systematic review: This type of study is a structured approach to reviewing all the evidence to answer a specific ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Meta-analysis: This type of study involves using statistics to combine the data from multiple previous studies to ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Simulation/modelling: This type of study uses a computer simulation or mathematical model to predict an outcome.

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Randomised controlled trial: Subjects are randomly assigned to a test group, which receives the treatment, or a ...

Peer-reviewed: This work was reviewed and scrutinised by relevant independent experts. Randomised controlled trial: Subjects are randomly assigned to a test group, which receives the treatment, or a ...