Reforming an army is not an easy task for any country. In Syria, it is made more complex by the many pockets of rebellion. Not a week goes by without soldiers being killed or seriously wounded.[i] ...

Iran is one of the richest countries in the world in energy resources., It has the second-largest gas reserves behind Russia– 17 percent – and 9.54 percent of global oil reserves. Iran is a founding ...

A supposed Kurdish peace initiative that was floated in Turkey presents an intricate strategic landscape, promising to shape regional and domestic political dynamics. While Turkish President Recep ...

Manara Magazine’s forthcoming issue will highlight the ongoing policymaking challenges that countries most affected by climate change in the Middle East and North Africa face, as well as analyse case ...

Russia’s strategic policies towards the Middle East can be characterised as largely relying on military intervention or presence, especially since 2015 when Moscow became involved in in the Syrian war ...

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