A: Animal; ACE: Accessory cholera enterotoxin; H: Human; ZOT: Zonula occludens toxin.

Researchers from Germany, Belgium, and Spain have presented their work on solving outbreaks and pathogen-specific questions at a European meeting. The ...

Bacterial toxins are toxic substances that are produced and released by bacteria to target other bacterial or host cells. Bacteria often have antitoxins to avoid the deleterious effects of toxins.