The pathophysiology of lung cancer refers to the functional changes that cause, result from, or are otherwise associated with the disease. In the case of lung cancer, the changes occur in the lungs.

The pathophysiology of movement disorders, such as PD and LID, mainly involves the so-called 'motor loop' (Fig. 1). Although the non-motor aspects of both parkinsonism and LID are important ...

Heart disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and while lifestyle choices like diet, exercise, and smoking ...

Talk to your provider about your risks and work together on lowering them. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Deaths: Leading causes for 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: ...

In a systematic review of nine case–control studies that evaluated the risk of pregnancy-related VTE in women with an inherited thrombophilia but not necessarily a family history of VTE ...

In recent years, laboratory testing for thrombophilia has been performed on increasing numbers of patients. However, the benefits of thrombophilia screening remain controversial and it is not ...

You can develop back pain for many reasons, but some causes are more common than others. Wear and tear on the bones that form your spine (called vertebrae), muscles, and other tissues in your back ...

Broken blood vessels may lead to petechiae, which are small, colored spots on the skin. Possible causes include infections, injuries, strains, and medications. Petechiae are tiny purple ...

Experts believe that overconsumption of sugar is one of the many causes of obesity along with genetics, physical activity, and economic status. That’s why dietary guidelines suggest limiting ...

We discuss the pathophysiology of clinically stable COPD and examine the impact of acutely increased expiratory flow limitation on the compromised respiratory system. Finally, we review the chain of ...