Around the world and in the U.S., nicotine is the most widely used addictive substance; tobacco causes a reported 40 million deaths worldwide. According to the National Institute of Drug Abuse ...

Credit...Photo Illustration by Balarama Heller for The New York Times Supported by By David Brooks Opinion Columnist When I was an agnostic, I thought faith was ...

The causes of muscle pain can vary. Also called myalgia, aching muscles can be caused by an injury, a symptom of a disease or infection, or a side effect of a medication. Muscle pain can also feel ...

There are many causes of dehydration, including vomiting or diarrhea. Vomiting and diarrhea, specifically, are related to vagus nerve function. Shock is a condition characterized by low blood pressure ...

What are the most common causes of depression? Studies consistently show that depression is most associated with the number of stressors experienced in life, and the effect is cumulative—the ...

When that happens, your blood flow could be blocked or blood can leak. The causes of heart valve problems include infections such as rheumatic fever, congenital heart disease, high blood pressure ...

This causes the symptoms of an allergic reaction, which can include sudden tiredness. Depression is a mood disorder that causes feelings of sadness and disinterest. The condition is due to a ...

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.