The ECG findings presented as normal in athletes were established by an international consensus ... followed by a negative T wave in ≥2 leads in V1–V3.22 Unlike the R′ wave in IRBBB, the ‘J wave’ seen ...

In addition to changes in the ECG caused by disease, there are a variety of atypical ECG patterns, often called 'normal variants ... and repolarization (T wave), corresponding to the ST segment ...

The goal of ECG interpretation in athletes is to classify the ECG as: (1) ‘normal’—no further evaluation needed or (2 ... These include findings suggestive of cardiomyopathy such as T-wave inversion, ...