These overburdened endosomes respond by releasing mtDNA into the cell – in short, the trash can overflows. "We had a huge breakthrough when we saw that mtDNA was inside of a mysterious membrane ...
Researchers investigating ways to reduce exhaustion in cancer-fighting T-cells found that the Golgi apparatus can be used as a simple marker -- more Golgi means a more robust cell.
At some point, metabolic reactions and replication processes had to come together inside a membrane to make an early form of a cell: a pre-cell. Perhaps this happened when a viruslike structure ...