Some flower ovaries produce enclosures in which wasp larvae develop while others produce fig seeds. The wasps hatch after a few days, males before females. Male wasps move throughout the syconium ...

In the continual arms race between parasites and their hosts, innovation was thought to be the key to a successful attack or ...

This fig wasp proves that plants of the fig genus ... where they transform into grubs and dine on wasp larvae. Later the grubs pupate in the soil and then go on to continue the cycle.

The fascinating discovery highlights the dynamic strategies of evolution. Parasitic wasps present a gruesome threat to fruit ...

Many flies are plagued by parasitic wasps, which lay their eggs in fly larvae, turning them into surrogate wombs for wasp larvae. One common fly has successfully fought off its wasp predator by ...