Many ferns grow root-like structures underground called rhizomes ... Then the gametophyte dies away. This complicated life cycle evolved hundreds of millions of years ago. Though it might seem clunky, ...

the role of ferns in ecosystem nutrient cycles, their adaptations to xeric environments and future directions in fern ecology. Fully illustrated concepts and processes provide a framework for future ...

Both are separate parts of the staghorn fern’s life cycle. They’re also great at ... are epiphytic plants. They grow in a ...

Ferns and mosses are examples of plants which do not produce flowers. They grow from spores instead of seeds. Sexual reproduction in plants happens in a cycle-like pattern. Flowers come from seeds ...

Topics include a brief history of the ecological study of ferns, their biogeography and population dynamics, their role in ecosystem nutrient cycles and adaptations to xeric environments, and their ...