The phalanx formation was a mass of armored men bristling with spikes, and opposing it a priori was extremely difficult, as illustrated by its representation on the so-called Chigi Vase (650 BCE). The ...
The Battle of Pydna was the second major clash between the Macedonian phalanx and the Roman legion. The first, Cynoscephalae, in 197 BCE, saw the phalanx outmaneuvered and defeated by the more ...