These can be hydrolysed when they are heated with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. This results in the formation of glycerol and a salt - soap. \(Fat/Oil + Sodium\, Hydroxide \rightarrow ...
The vegetable oil has three fatty acids that are connected to glycerin, a moisturizing property in soap. It's mixed with an alkali, which is sodium hydroxide for bar soaps and potassium hydroxide ...