Ostium secundum atrial septal defect (OSASD) occurs as an isolated defect in 10% of individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD). In small nuclear-family studies (parents and siblings), OSASD ...

Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are the second most common type of congenital heart disease. The most frequent variant of ASD, the ostium secundum (OS) type, results from deficiency of the flap valve ...