Bladder cancer starts in the bladder's inside lining. Approximately 80 percent of these cancers ... a vaginal bimanual examination in a female may reveal a mass on the outside surface of the bladder.

Patients with stage two disease, which has spread beyond its origin in the bladder’s lining, typically get cisplatin and gemcitabine before or after surgery or in conjunction with radiation therapy.

Chronic ketamine usage affects the lining of the bladder, and can shrink it. As a result, some urology departments have set up specialist clinics to help the increasing number of young people with ...