Electric fences are often the preferred choice for cattle ranchers looking to protect their livestock. The method of containment involves delivering a gentle electric shock to dissuade animals ...
Fences are an effective stationary method of corralling livestock, but their sharp borders can create sudden changes in native grassland vegetation and the pollinators and birds that live there.
they receive an electrical stimulus similar to one from an electric fence. Previous work on virtual cattle fences focused on their efficacy for containing livestock, such as excluding the animals ...