Drugs acting on the cholinergic system can improve or worsen cognitive abilities, and their effects are particularly pronounced in frail elderly individuals and patients with Alzheimer disease.

Although bronchial hyperresponsiveness to cholinergic agents is a main feature of asthma, the role of anticholinergic drugs in chronic asthma management has been largely underestimated.

the authors suggest that cholinergic modulating drugs might improve ataxia and possibly other symptoms in patients with MSA-C or SCA3.