This Perspective explores how the frequency shifts of atomic spectral lines between isotopes can be effective probes of physics beyond the standard model, when measured to high precision using ...

The nucleus is very small compared to the atom as a whole: as electrons are even smaller, most of an atom is empty space the diameter of a nucleus can be 100,000 times less than the diameter of an ...

It also tells us that chlorine has 18 neutrons (35 - 17) and, as the number of electrons and protons are equal in a neutral atom, chlorine also has 17 electrons. The relative mass of a nucleus is ...

QuantEXAFS, advancing single-atom catalyst analysis by automating data processing and enhancing structural insights.